What is Sacroiliac Joint Fusion?
Sacroiliac joint fusion is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to stabilise the sacroiliac (SI) joint and reduce chronic pain caused by joint dysfunction. The sacroiliac joint, located at the base of the spine where the sacrum connects to the iliac bones of the pelvis, can become painful due to conditions such as arthritis, injury, or degeneration. This procedure fuses the joint using bone grafts or implants to limit movement and provide long-term relief.
Who Would Need Sacroiliac Joint Fusion?
Sacroiliac joint fusion is typically recommended for individuals experiencing:
- Chronic Sacroiliac Joint Pain: Pain that persists despite conservative treatments.
- Sacroiliitis: Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint causing pain and instability.
- Previous Trauma or Injury: Fractures or repetitive strain injuries affecting joint function.
- Arthritis or Degenerative Joint Disease: Conditions such as osteoarthritis leading to joint deterioration.
- Failed Conservative Treatments: Patients who have tried physiotherapy, medications, or injections without sufficient relief.
Doctors typically perform diagnostic tests, including sacroiliac joint injections, to confirm the source of pain before recommending surgery.
How is Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Performed?
The procedure is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia and involves the following steps:
- Patient Positioning: The patient is placed on their stomach on the operating table.
- Small Incision: A small incision is made near the sacroiliac joint.
- Guided Implant Placement: Using fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray), specialised surgical instruments are inserted to remove damaged tissue and prepare the joint for fusion.
- Bone Grafts or Implants: Bone grafts, screws, or titanium implants are placed to stabilise the joint and promote fusion.
- Closure and Recovery: The incision is closed with sutures or surgical glue, and a bandage is applied. The procedure typically takes one to two hours.
What to Expect After the Procedure?
Recovery from sacroiliac joint fusion varies by patient, but general expectations include:
- Pain and Discomfort: Some post-operative pain, managed with medications.
- Activity Restrictions: Limited mobility for several weeks, with the use of crutches or a walker if necessary.
- Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation may be required to restore strength and mobility.
- Gradual Improvement: Pain relief may take several months as the joint fuses and heals.
- Long-Term Benefits: Many patients experience significant pain reduction and improved stability.
Sacroiliac joint fusion is a viable option for individuals with persistent sacroiliac joint pain who have not found relief through non-surgical treatments. If you suffer from chronic lower back or pelvic pain, consult your doctor to determine if this procedure is suitable for you.